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Arctic Security

Official Texts

Joint Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions : A stronger EU engagement for a peaceful, sustainable and prosperous Arctic
JOIN(2021) 27 final
European Commission, 13 October 2021
Regaining Arctic Dominance : the U.S. Army in the Arctic
Chief of Staff Paper ; 3
U.S. Army, 19 January 2021
Council Conclusions on the EU Arctic Policy
Council of the European Union (9 December 2019)
Department of Defense Arctic Strategy
US Department of Defense, June 2019
China’s Arctic Policy: First Edition 2018
The People's Republic of China, the State Council (26 January 2018)
A new integrated EU policy for the Arctic adopted
European Commission (27 April 2016)
Executive Order --- Enhancing Coordination of National Efforts in the Arctic Obama
WHITE HOUSE (21 January 2015)
National Strategy for the Arctic Region [United States]
The Obama White House (May 2013)
Developing a European Union Policy towards the Arctic Region: progress since 2008 and next steps
European Commission (26 June 2012)
A Sustainable EU Policy for the High North
European Parliament resolution of 20 January 2011 on a sustainable EU policy for the High North (2009/2214(INI))
Treaty Between the Kingdom of Norway and the Russian Federation Concerning Maritime Delimitation and Cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean
Norway-Russia Barents Sea Boundary Treaty, September 2010
International Requirements for Ships Operating in Polar Waters
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
9-11 December 2009
Heike Deggim
National Security Presidential Directive and Homeland Security Presidential Directive [on the Arctic Region] (NSPD-66 / HSPD-25)
The White House President, George W. Bush (9 January 2009)
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INFO: This directive establishes the policy of the United States with respect to the Arctic region and directs related implementation actions. This directive supersedes Presidential Decision Directive/NSC-26 (PDD-26; issued 1994) with respect to Arctic policy but not Antarctic policy.
The European Union and the Arctic Region
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council (20 November 2008) (/* COM/2008/0763 final */)
Ilulissat Declaration
28 May 2008 Declaration from 27-29 May 2008 Arctic Ocean Conference between Canada, Denmark, Norway, the Russian Federation and the United States of America.
The Norwegian Government's Strategy for the High North
Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (21 February 2007).
Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Maritime Boundary
Canada and United States of America Agreement on Arctic Cooperation
UN Treaty No. 31529
11 January 1988
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
United Nations (1982)
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The law that governs the Arctic Ocean as well as all other waterways.
UN Convention on the Continental Shelf
Done at Geneva on 29 April 1958. Entered into force on 10 June 1964.
UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS)
Treaty Between Norway, The United States of America, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Great Britain and Ireland and the British overseas Dominions and Sweden concerning Spitsbergen signed in Paris 9th February 1920
"1920 Spitsbergen Treaty"