China's Maritime Security Strategy : The Evolution of a Growing Sea Power
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This book examines the evolution of China's maritime security strategy, and questions what has made China shift from a constrained to a more assertive strategy. Historically, China has not been an active player in maritime security, but in recent years Beijing has begun to pursue policies and measures to safeguard its maritime rights and interests in the Indo-Pacific region. This growing influence in the region has become a concern for other countries about what kind of sea power China is developing. This book seeks to address this concern by providing an overview of the development of China's maritime security strategy from the era of Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping. It suggests that while the involvement of maritime actors and the development of naval capability has provided the depth to the strategy, the national strategic guidelines from each generation of Chinese leadership has determined the overall direction of the maritime security strategy. After forty years of development, China has established a set of priorities for its maritime agenda : territorial integrity is at the top, followed by marine economy development, and then regional and international maritime cooperation. These findings help us to understand China's multidimensional maritime power as being both assertive and cooperative.
Pirate Lands : Governance and Maritime Piracy
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Maritime piracy - like civil war, terrorism, and organized crime - is a problem of weak states. Surprisingly, though, pirates do not operate in the least governed areas of weak states. This book addresses this puzzle by explaining why some coastal communities experience more pirate attacks in their vicinity than others. Pirates do well in places where elites and law enforcement can be bribed but they also need access to functioning roads, ports, and markets. Using statistical analyses of cross-national and sub-national data on pirate attacks in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Somalia, the authors detail how governance at the state and local level explain the location of maritime piracy. The book employs geo-spatial tools to rigorously measure how local political capacity and infrastructure affect maritime piracy. The authors find that pirates operate in areas where local governance is weak enough to incentivize collusion among pirates and local authorities, yet strong enough to ensure that infrastructure and markets are sufficiently developed to permit the organization of sustained piracy. Interviews with former pirates, community members, and maritime security experts based on field research in Indonesia and Nigeria complement the quantitative findings.
Capacity Building for Maritime Security : The Western Indian Ocean Experience
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This book studies recent attempts to restructure maritime security sectors through capacity building. It innovates both theoretically and empirically. It proposes a new framework for understanding maritime capacity building, drawing on work in peacebuilding and security sector reform. The framework is then applied across empirical case studies from the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region written by scholars from the Global South. The WIO region is a paradigmatic case to study maritime security and capacity building in action. Countries in the region face the full gamut of maritime security challenges, while their indigenous capacities to deal with these are often weak. In consequence, the region functions as an engine of innovation for maritime capacity building more widely. The lessons and best practices from the region have importance consequences for addressing maritime security across the globe.
Maritime Security : Counter-Terrorism Lessons from Maritime Piracy and Narcotics Interdiction
It can be easy to forget the critical role that maritime transport plays in the global economy, but international maritime transportation is still responsible for around 90% of global trade. Protecting the maritime infrastructure essential for this trade from terrorism is a major concern for the international community. This book originates from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) Counter-Terrorism Lessons from Maritime Piracy and Narcotics Interdiction, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in May 2019. Participants in the three-day workshop included policymakers, senior military officers, and academics from NATO member states, international organizations, and two partner nations: Colombia and Israel. Their extensive discussions focused on methods for protecting critical maritime infrastructure, such as ports, supplies, and personnel, from seaborne terrorist attacks. Presentations and roundtables also addressed the human and social factors that contribute to the defense against terrorism in the maritime domain. The book is divided into three sections : organized crime and narcotrafficking; maritime piracy; and terrorism, and aims to bridge the gaps between these three substantive areas of maritime security research. These have remained largely separate areas of research in the past, with the result that valuable maritime security lessons from counter-piracy and counter-narcotics operations have not been fully incorporated into counter-terrorism best practice. The book facilitates the transmission of lessons learned from counter-piracy and counter-narcotic operations to formulate recommendations for best practice and technological innovations to manage maritime terrorism, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.
Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea : Help or Hindrance ?
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Exploring everything from contemporary challenges to ocean security, this book offers detailed insights into the increasing activities of state and non-state actors at sea. Chapters revisit the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), highlighting how not all maritime security threats can be addressed by this, and further looking at the ways in which the LOSC may even hinder maritime security. Featuring contributions from both expert academics and practitioners in the field, the book explores new maritime security threats posed by non-state actors, such as piracy and illegal fishing. It analyses how states have had to reconsider their understanding of maritime security and rethink the use and protection of their maritime domain in the face of modern challenges, including the robotics revolution, the rise of unmanned systems and the blue economy agenda.
Global Challenges in Maritime Security : An Introduction
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From pirates to smugglers, migrants to hackers, from stolen fish to smuggled drugs, the sea is becoming a place of increasing importance on the global agenda as criminals use it as a theatre to conduct their crimes unfettered. This volume sets out to provide an introduction to the key issues of pertinence in maritime security today. It demonstrates why the sea is a space of great strategic importance, and how threats to security at sea have a real impact for people around the world. It examines an array of challenges and threats to security playing out at sea, including illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, irregular migration, piracy, smuggling of illicit goods, and cyber security, while also looking at some of the mechanism and role-players involved in addressing these perils. Each chapter provides an overview of the issue it discusses and provides a brief case study to illustrate how this issue is playing out in real-life. This book thus allows readers an insight into this evolving multidisciplinary field of study.
Europe, Small Navies and Maritime Security : Balancing Traditional Roles and Emergent Threats in the 21st Century
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This book seeks to identify and address gaps in our understanding of maritime security and the role of small navies in Europe. The majority of Europe's navies are small, yet they are often called upon to address a complex array of traditional and non-traditional threats. This book examines the role of small navies within the European security architecture, by discussing areas of commonality and difference between navies, and arguing that it is not possible to fully understand either maritime strategy or European security without taking into account the actions of small navies. it contains a number of case studies that provide an opportunity to explore how different European states view the current security environment and how naval policy has undergone significant changes within the lifetime of the existing naval assets. In addition, the book examines how maritime security and naval development in Europe might evolve, given that economic forecasts will likely limit the potential procurement of 'larger' naval assets in the future, which means that European states will increasingly have to do more with less in the maritime domain.
NATO's Return to the North Atlantic : Implications for the Defense of Northern Europe
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Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FI)
In a period of renewed great power competition, the United States and other NATO allies are once again giving attention to the maritime dimension of deterrence and defense in the North Atlantic and Northern Europe. Growing Russian assertiveness and the deployment of a range of new maritime surface and subsurface systems have increased the threat to maritime lines of communication across the Atlantic, which are a central area of NATO’s responsibility and essential for North American reinforcement of forces deployed in Europe in the event of a major crisis. The US and NATO responses include an increased naval operational tempo, expanded maritime exercises, the pre-positioning of additional equipment, and the re-establishment of the US 2nd Fleet and the NATO Joint Forces Command, Norfolk, both with missions to defend the North Atlantic. These developments need to be further integrated into NATO and national plans for defense of Northern Europe and the Arctic, and tested through exercises and training. There may be opportunities to improve this integration in the context of Nordic/Baltic cooperation and the bilateral and trilateral defense cooperation that Finland and Sweden are pursuing with the United States.
The Maritime Turn in EU Foreign and Security Policies : Aims, Actors and Mechanisms of Integration
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This book provides the first substantial treatment of the maritime foreign and security policies of the European Union. Its findings add to the literature by a comparative, theoretically informed analysis of EU maritime foreign and security policies across five cases: the EU's Maritime Security Strategy and action plan; the EU's two naval missions, Atalanta and Sophia; EU Arctic policies, and; EU policies towards the Maritime Labour Convention. Focusing on the aims, actors and mechanisms of integration in these cases, the book speaks to the three main debates in the literature on EU foreign policy, including whether it has a particular normative dimension that makes it different from foreign policy as it is conventionally understood; the extent to which policy-making in the domain has developed beyond intergovernmental cooperation and, interlinked; how EU foreign and security policy integration and its characteristics can be explained. In doing this, the book also addresses a fourth contemporary scholarly debate linked to if and how the EU is affected by crisis. By focusing on maritime security policies the book also adds to the international relations literature more broadly.
Maritime Terrorism and the Role of Judicial Institutions in the International Legal Order
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The author offers here a critical analysis of the role of judicial institutions in combating maritime terrorism. This book comprehensively examines the existing international legal framework for combating maritime terrorism and argues for a an updated framework to tackle modern threats. In particular, the author highlights the important task of national courts in the prosecution of suspected maritime terrorists as well as the settlement of disputes arising from maritime terrorism. It fills in important gaps in the existing literature and proposes a path for the influence of international juridical institutions.
Maritime Security in East and Southeast Asia : Political Challenges in Asian Waters
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This volume investigates the nature of threats facing, or perceived as facing, some of the key players involved in Asian maritime politics. The articles in this collection present case studies on Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia as a whole and focus on domestic definitions of threats and conceptualisations of security. These studies map the differing understandings of danger in this region and explore how contending narratives of 'threats' and 'security' affect the national maritime security policy deliberations within the claimant countries of this region.
Maritime Strategy and Sea Control : Theory and Practice
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This book focuses on the main methods of obtaining and maintaining sea control by a stronger side. During times of war, sea control, or the ability of combatants to enjoy naval dominance, plays a crucial role in that side's ability to attain overall victory. The book explains and analyzes in some detail all aspects of sea control and describes and analyzes the main methods of obtaining and maintaining it. Various theoretical aspects of sea control also include the views of naval classical thinkers. This book also utilizes historical examples to illustrate the main methods of sea control. Each chapter focuses on a particular method, including destroying the enemy forces by a decisive action, destroying enemy forces over time, containing the enemy fleet, choke point control, and capturing important enemy positions/basing areas. The aim is to provide a comprehensive theory and practice of the struggle for sea control at the strategic and operational levels of wars.
NATO and the North Atlantic : Revitalising Collective Defence
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Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies (GB)
This paper explores the renewed importance of the North Atlantic Ocean to NATO's security through the lenses of the United States, United Kingdom and Norway in particular. These three NATO members form the territorial rim around the North Atlantic and its peripheral seas. All are maritime nations that have historically taken prime responsibility for security in the region and together with Iceland they form the front line to a resurgent Russian maritime capability. These three countries, with support from the rest of the northern region, must take the lead to ensure that NATO and its partners devote sufficient resources to this aspect of NATO's area of responsibility.
Strengthening Maritime Security through Cooperation
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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Building Trust to Enhance Maritime Security, Geneva, Switzerland, 10-11 November 2014.
Seventy percent of our planet is covered by water, and even in today's world of instant communication the global community is still heavily reliant on sea-based transport. The maritime domain has always been one of NATO's key strengths, but concerns about maritime security have taken on renewed importance in recent years, and NATO has been forced to re-examine some of its fundamental assumptions about the post Cold War security environment.This book shares some of the research, debates and findings from a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW); Building Trust to Enhance Maritime Security, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in November 2014. The chapters in the book deal extensively with lessons learned by NATO from a wide range of policies, operations and situations. This maritime experience has been amassed from the Atlantic and Mediterranean to the Baltic and the Black Sea, and even into the Indian Ocean, as well as from the four decades spent defending NATO allies on the high seas during the Cold War. The single most profound lesson learned over the years has concerned the importance of efficient coordination. Structures and mechanisms have been created, not least in recent counter piracy operations, which enable a vast array of actors to work together in an efficient way, and which could prove invaluable in future efforts to counter terrorism and aggression worldwide.
Maritime Security Cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea : Prospects and Challenges
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The author provides ground-breaking analyses of the maritime security situation in the Gulf of Guinea and its implications for shipping, energy security, sustainable fisheries as well as national and regional security. The book juxtaposes the growing strategic importance of the Gulf of Guinea against the rising insecurity in the maritime domain, especially from piracy. The author points out key gaps in prevailing regional and international approaches to maritime security cooperation in the Gulf of Guinea and sets out several suggestions for combating piracy and other maritime security threats while effectively enhancing maritime security cooperation in the region.
Toward a New Maritime Strategy : American Naval Thinking in the Post-Cold War Era
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This book examines the evolution of American naval thinking in the post-Cold War era. It recounts the development of the US Navy's key strategic documents from the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 to the release in 2007 of the US Navy's maritime strategy, 'A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower'. With this strategy, the Navy acknowledged that the US maritime services (the US Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard) and the United States could no longer afford to separate military goals from economic and political ones.
The Maritime Dimension of European Security
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In an age of uncertainties influenced by information technologies and the networking of societies, the maritime domain remains the main global lane of communication, vital for trade and security. The European Union has become a maritime actor, carrying out counter-piracy and maritime capacity-building operations and actively dealing with maritime safety, fisheries protection, port security, maritime surveillance, and counter-immigration at sea. The Union's policies, mechanisms, and activities related to the maritime domain are now backed by a Maritime Security Strategy, adopted by the Council in June 2014. This cutting-edge book accounts for the trends in maritime strategy and seapower politics as well as the recent developments in the field, both at the conceptual and practical level. It discusses the significance of the maritime domain for European security in general and for the EU in particular.
Maritime Piracy and Its Control : An Economic Analysis
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Piraterie maritime : l'Afrique a l'abordage !
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Political Geographies of Piracy : Constructing Threats and Containing Bodies in Somalia
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This book examines the new security-development framework for combating piracy off the coast of Somalia. It demonstrates how counter piracy actors, particularly in the development sector, are reworking territorial sovereignties and reproducing markets of security and development in Somalia. Underlying onshore counter piracy strategies is a desire to both simultaneously secure and develop Somalia. However, the wider goal of these security-development strategies is to prevent and contain particular racialized and gendered actions and bodies on shore in Somalia. Drawing upon unique insider knowledge of the international counter piracy regime, the author reveals the institutional machinations at stake in efforts to simultaneously combat and profit from Somali piracy. Research conducted on the ground in Somalia, and with convicted piracy prisoners detained in the Seychelles, also provides a rare glimpse into how security-development strategies for combating piracy are being promoted and resisted among various Somali communities.
Law and Practice of Piracy at Sea : European and International Perspectives
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This collection of essays provides a comprehensive assessment of the legal and policy approaches to maritime counter-piracy adopted by the EU and other international actors over the last few years. As the financial cost of Somali piracy for the maritime industry and the world economy a a whole was estimated to have reached $18 billion by 2010, the phenomenon of piracy at sea has steadily grown in significance and has recently attracted the attention of international policy makers. Moreover, piracy is intrinsically linked to state failure and other pathologies bred by it, such as organised crime and terrorism. This book adopts a holistic approach to the topic, examining approaches to piracy as these emerge in different geographical areas, as well as tackling the central issues which counter-piracy raises in terms of the most topical aspects of international law. It also focuses on the approach of the EU, placing counter-piracy in its broader legal context. Providing a detailed doctrinal exploration of the issues which counter-piracy raises, it emphasises and draws upon the insights of the practice of counter-piracy by bringing together academic lawyers and the legal advisers of the main actors in the area. The book raises fundamental questions about the law and practice of international law : are the rules of the international law of the sea on piracy still relevant ? To what extent has the shared interest of international actors in tackling piracy given rise to common practices ? Do the interactions among the actors examined in the book suggest fragmentation or unity of the international legal order ? Is it premature to view these interactions as signalling the gradual emergence of global law in the area ? This common analytical frame of reference is underlined by the concluding part, which draws these threads together.
International Maritime Security Law
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This book defines an emerging interdisciplinary field of law comprised of norms, legal regimes, and rules to address today's hybrid threats to the global order of the oceans. Worldwide shipping commerce, fishing fleets, pleasure craft, and coastal states are exposed to the menace of offshore terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, piracy, smuggling, robbery, marine insurgency and anti-access threats. Land-based institutions and maritime constabulary forces operate within an increasingly integrated network that blends elements of humanitarian law, human rights law, criminal law, and law of the sea, with inspection regimes, commercial enterprise, and marine safety and environmental stewardship. The new authorities fuse together a global maritime partnership among states, international organizations and commercial interests to protect the maritime commons from the most dangerous risks and hazards.
Sea Power and American Interests in the Western Pacific
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Pirate Alley : Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia
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This book explores every aspect of Somali piracy, from their operational methods to their impact on the world economy. Together, the authors offer potential solutions to the problem and highlight the best ways to outfit ships for travel through high-risk areas. But they also warn that one consequence of successfully protecting targets like container ships and crude oil carriers may be that pirates will turn to crime on land, adding an entirely new dimension to their seaborne activities.
Pirates de Somalie
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La piraterie maritime est un des dangers qui menacent l'economie contemporaine. La cote somalienne, ou les assauts rivalisent d'audace, se situe en tete des zones a risque. Afin de survivre dans un pays aneanti par la famine et devaste par les guerres civiles, les plus demunis s'organisent pour ranconner les plus fortunes. Pecheurs, paysans, chauffeurs de taxi, voici les nouveaux brigands des mers a l'assaut des bateaux des 'riches', des tankers jusqu'aux navires de plaisance. La geographie maritime des cotes facilite leurs attaques : dans ce passage oblige du commerce mondial, la densite du trafic attise toutes les convoitises. Les auteurs ont mene l'enquete. Qui sont ces pirates ? Pour quelles raisons sevissent-ils et surtout comment procedent-ils ? A qui profite le crime ? Et par quels moyens eradiquer cette mafia d'un nouveau genre ? La piraterie en Somalie comme si vous y etiez.
Maritime Piracy and the Construction of Global Governance
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In this book, a handpicked group of leading experts in the field of International Relations use maritime piracy as a means to expose the incongruities in our understanding of global governance. Using broadly constructivist approaches to understand international actors' response to the challenges created by maritime piracy, the contributors question a number of myths and misconceptions around piracy and analyze the various ways that international law and organizations channel actors' understandings of maritime piracy and their efforts to respond to it. In doing so, they expose some shaky foundations for IR theorists : how do we conceive of governance and legitimacy when they are delinked from the territorial aspects of the modern nation-state ? What happens to prospects for cooperation when we get to the nitty-gritty questions of practice related to paying for trials, imprisoning and maintaining captured pirates, bearing the burden of policing sea-lanes, or even determining what constitutes a pirate ? Does anyone have a monopoly on the legitimate use of force at sea, and how is that legitimacy constructed ? The book offers an improved theoretical understanding of the response of the international community to maritime piracy and broadens our understanding of the complex and sometimes countervailing motivations of all the actors involved, from international organizations and states down to the pirates themselves.
Maritime Private Security : Market Responses to Piracy, Terrorism and Waterborne Security Risks in the 21st Century
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'This book examines the evolution, function, problems and prospects of private security companies in the maritime sector. The private security industry continues to evolve after its renaissance over the past few decades, first in Africa, and later in Iraq and Afghanistan. Despite this, little academic work has been done to date on the role of private security in the maritime environment. This lacuna has become more pronounced as the threat of piracy, terrorism, and other acts of maritime political violence have caused littoral states and commercial entities alike to consider the use of private security to mitigate risks. This book is an edited volume specifically dedicated to combating the absence of academic research in this area. The discussion of this multifaceted subject is organized into four key parts : Part I : The historical and contemporary market in maritime private security services; Part II : The emergence of private anti-piracy escorts in the commercial sector; Part III : The privatization of Coast Guard services; Part IV : Private security responses to maritime terrorism.
Oceans of Crime : Maritime Piracy and Transnational Security in Southeast Asia and Bangladesh
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Southeast Asia and Bangladesh are at present global hot-spots of pirate attacks on merchant vessels and fishing boats. This book explains why, and in what form, piracy still exists. It offers an integrated analysis of the root causes of piracy, linking declining fish stocks, organized crime networks, radical politically-motivated groups, the use of flags of convenience, the lack of state control over national territory and the activities of private security companies to piracy and identifies their wider security implications.
Deadly Waters : Inside the Hidden World of Somalia's Pirates
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Stories of pirates have captured the popular imagination for centuries, but the recent spate of hijackings off the coast of Somalia has brought the dangers of piracy into the modern era. The author, the only western journalist to venture so deeply into this most perilous world, sets out to Puntland, a self-governing region in north-eastern Somalia, to discover who is really behind the masks that appear so regularly on the news. He reveals the true details of the pirates' lives beyond the attack skiffs : how they conduct business, spend their cash and why they risk their lives in often suicidal missions. Whether chewing 'khat' with the locals, accompanying the president or meeting with former hostages, he has unparalleled access to all the major players, from government officials to some of the most wanted outlaws. The author's rare experience leads to a unique analysis of the challenges facing this troubled mini-state as piracy rises - and offers new ideas about how Somalia and other countries can escape their fate.
Somalia : State Collapse, Terrorism and Piracy
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The situation in Somalia today embodies some of the most pressing issues in international relations. How should the international community deal with the collapsed state that is Somalia ? From the presence of al-Qaeda operatives to pirates, to what extent is Somalia a threat to global peace and commerce ? Which aspects of Somalia's economic, social and political landscape can be considered successful, and how do these 'success stories' reflect some of the more problematic issues the country faces ? This book sheds light on all of these topics and more.
The International Response to Somali Piracy : Challenges and Opportunities
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The recent surge in piracy attacks off the coast of Somalia has triggered an international response which is unprecedented in terms of the number of actors involved. This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the international response to Somali piracy, exploring current initiatives to counter the piracy threat, both operationally and legally. Moreover, the book analyzes the regional and broader international context within which these initiatives are taken, and identifies the challenges and opportunities for international cooperation on fighting piracy at sea. This volume brings together experts from a great variety of backgrounds and disciplines.
Pirate State : Inside Somalia's Terrorism at Sea
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This book examines the lives, tactics, and motives of Somali pirates, draws links between the pirates, their financiers, and the al-Shabaab Islamist extremists, and traces the source of the pirate problem to the chaos, clans, and violence in Somalia.
Combating Piracy at Sea : A Reassessment of Public and Private Responsibilities
Somalia : The New Barbary ? : Piracy and Islam in the Horn of Africa
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The purpose of this book is to examine whether or not state failure is a useful and accurate explanation for Somali piracy and if violent Islamism could exploit what the pirates have achieved for their own ends. It reviews the history, motivation, organization, criminal methods and operational tactics of the Somali pirates from their first manifestations in the mid-1990s to the present. It attempts to show that their activities and their fortunes are linked to the rise and fall of political groups within Somalia. It asks why and how violent Islamist groups operate within Somalia and the degree to which they might exploit the maritime dimension in the future. Finally it reviews whether or not the political and military solutions being practiced or proposed currently will resolve either problem.
Piracy and Maritime Crime : Historical and Modern Case Studies
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Despite piracy's importance and the continued frequency of piratical attacks, however, relatively few scholarly works have been written analyzing cases of modern piracy and piracy suppression in terms of varying strategic, policy, and operational decisions. This edited collection of case studies attempts to fill this gap.
Small Boats, Weak States, Dirty Money : Piracy & Maritime Terrorism in the Modern World
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It has been alleged that pirates and maritime terrorists present a largely common threat to international maritime security. This book drives to the heart of this problem by reviewing in detail each phenomenon before asking how and under what circumstances pirates and maritime terrorists might combine forces. The author concludes that while piracy may be a marginal problem in itself, the connections between organised piracy, wider criminal networks and corruption on land mean that it may undermine states and destabilise the regions in which it occurs. Furthermore, maritime criminality may disguise insurgent and terrorist activity and allow such actors greater freedom of manoeuvre. He suggests that maritime terrorism, although only a low-level threat currently, has the potential to spread and become more effective in the event of political change on land. Before this can happen, however, maritime terrorists and insurgents will have to overcome significant operational and technical problems. Above all, they must find a means of triggering a level of fear stemming from atrocities committed at sea similar to that resulting from attacks perpetrated on land if they are to achieve their political objectives.
The Maritime Dimension of International Security : Terrorism, Piracy, and Challenges for the United States
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The vast size and highly unregulated nature of the world's waterways have made the maritime environment an attractive theater for perpetrators of transnational violence. Both piracy and sea-borne terrorism have become more common since 2000 due to the global proliferation of small arms as well as growing vulnerabilities in maritime shipping, surveillance, and coastal and port-side security. In addition to massive increases in maritime traffic, pirates have profited from increasingly congested maritime chokepoints, the lingering effects of the Asian financial crisis, and weakened judicial and governmental structures. Some analysts also fear that terrorists may soon exploit the carefully calibrated freight trading system to trigger a global economic crisis, or use the container supply chain to transport weapons of mass destruction. While speculation about an emerging tactical nexus between piracy and terrorism is complicating the maritime threat picture, credible evidence to support this presumed convergence has yet to emerge. Since 2002, the United States - one of the world's principal maritime trading states - has spearheaded several important initiatives to improve global and regional maritime security. Although an important contribution, the author urges policymakers to consider four additional measures to better safeguard the world's oceans : helping to further expand the post-9/11 maritime security regime; conducting regular and rigorous threat assessments; assisting with redefining mandates of existing multilateral security and defense arrangements; and encouraging the commercial maritime industry to make greater use of enabling communication and defensive technologies and accept a greater degree of transparency in its corporate structures.
Maritime Security : An Introduction
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The commercial maritime sector is highly vulnerable to both theft and terrorist attack. If you wait to solve these problems at the final destination, it's too late. Success can be achieved only be deploying effective and comprehensive security measures and procedures at key initial links in the cargo supply chain. The only way to ensure the integrity and security of the cargo is by focusing your efforts on the primary 'choke point' - the load seaports and their ships. This book provides practical, experience-based, proven knowledge in the form of a 'how-to-guide' on maritime security. The author explains in clear language how commercial seaports and vessels function; what the multiple existing threats are; what security policies, procedures, systems, and measures may be implemented to mitigate these threats; as well as the elements of a model port security program. Whether you are dealing with weapons of mass destruction or cargo theft, this book gives invaluable guidance to the professionals who protect shipping and ports.
Contemporary Piracy and Maritime Terrorism : The Threat to International Security
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Do piracy and maritime terrorism, individually or together, present a threat to international security, and what relationship if any exists between them ? Piracy may be a marginal problem in itself, but the connections between organised piracy and wider criminal networks and corruption on land make it an element of a phenomenon that can have a weakening effect on states and a destabilising one on the regions in which it is found. Furthermore, it is also an aspect of a broader problem of disorder at sea that, exacerbated by the increasing pressure on littoral waters from growing numbers of people and organisations seeking to exploit maritime resources, encourages maritime criminality and gives insurgents and terrorists the freedom to operate. In this context, maritime terrorism, though currently only a low-level threat, has the potential to spread and become more effective in the event of political change on land. It is only by addressing the issue of generalised maritime disorder that the problems of piracy and maritime terrorism may be controlled in the long term.
Violence at Sea : Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism
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'This book provides a sober analysis of modern-day piracy and maritime terrorism, bringing together socio-economic, historical, and policy-oriented approaches. It presents a global review of modern-day pirates' areas of operation, tactics and capabilities - and the difficulties of dealing with them.