NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the complexities of cyberattacks and the difficulties of designing an effective response, it is unknown whether and what kind of cyberattack(s) might trigger
a collective defense response from the Alliance.

Today cyberspace is a one military domain. The new cyber capacities of armed forces create new possibilities to achieve the goals of war. These new and advanced cyber capabilities are a part of the new non-kinetic environment where cyber operations are used in combination with information warfare (IW) and electronic warfare (EW). These non-kinetic operations are used with lethal weapons systems to produce an operational advantage. This article is a preliminary review of cyber operations in the Ukraine conflict. The article reviews the balance between defense and offense in cyberspace, the utility of offensive cyber operations, and the requirements for effective cyber defence.

This article reports on the paired objectives of cyber efficiency and cyber resilience in evaluating how successful a digital system will be in accomplishing its functions, where efficiency in this context is defined as the ability to function successfully without waste and resilience is the ability of a system to deal with disruptive events.

How can a focus on socio-technical vulnerability and uncertainty make cyber security more resilient? In this article, authors provide a conceptual discussion of how to increase cyber resilience.

Russia’s cyberwar in Ukraine has been as reckless as its physical one. Its cyber-attack on satellites on the first day of fighting mistakenly spilled over into almost 6,000 German wind farms. It sprayed “wiper” malware across the country, irreversibly destroying data. And it directed attacks at civilian power and water infrastructure, adding to the misery of its shells and rockets. It has been one of the most intensive cyber-campaigns ever conducted—and perhaps the most irresponsible.